91黑料吃瓜网

在化学的庞大物质家族中，精萘凭借独特的性质与广泛的应用，占据着重要地位。它不仅是多种工业生产的关键原料，还悄然融入人们的日常生活。下面，让我们一同深入了解精萘。

In the vast family of chemical substances, refined naphthalene holds an important position due to its unique properties and wide range of applications. It is not only a key raw material for various industrial productions, but also quietly integrated into people's daily lives. Now, let's delve into naphthalene together.

一、认识精萘

1、 Get to know refined naphthalene

精萘，本质是萘经过进一步提纯得到的高纯度萘，萘则是一种稠环芳香烃，由两个苯环共用两个相邻碳原子稠合而成，纯净的精萘呈现为白色，状如光亮的片状晶体，有着独特的煤焦油样气味，在常温下便可升华，即由固态直接转化为气态。

Refined naphthalene is essentially a high-purity naphthalene obtained by further purification of naphthalene. Naphthalene is a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon composed of two adjacent carbon atoms shared by two benzene rings. Pure refined naphthalene appears as white, shiny plate-like crystals with a unique coal tar like odor. It can sublime at room temperature, directly transforming from solid to gas.

二、理化性质

2、 Physical and chemical properties

物理性质

physical property

精萘的熔点约为 80.2℃，沸点 218℃ ，密度 1.162g/cm  。它难溶于水，却易溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯等有机溶剂。凭借常温升华的特性，精萘能在不经过液态阶段的情况下，直接变为气体，这一特性使其在卫生球等产物中得到广泛应用。

The melting point of refined naphthalene is about 80.2 ℃, the boiling point is 218 ℃, and the density is 1.162g/cm. It is difficult to dissolve in water, but easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. With the characteristic of sublimation at room temperature, refined naphthalene can be directly converted into gas without going through the liquid stage, which makes it widely used in products such as sanitary balls.

化学性质

chemical property

精萘化学性质较为活泼，属于易燃物质，遇明火、高热极易燃烧，在空气中的爆炸极限为 0.9% - 5.9%（体积）。由于其分子结构中存在共轭双键，能发生多种化学反应，如氧化反应生成邻苯二甲酸酐，这是合成塑料、树脂和染料的重要中间体；与硝酸、硫酸等发生取代反应，生成多种硝基萘和磺酸萘衍生物，这些衍生物在医药、农药领域发挥着重要作用。

Naphthalene has relatively active chemical properties and is a flammable substance. It is highly flammable when exposed to open flames and high heat, with an explosive limit of 0.9% -5.9% (volume) in air. Due to the presence of conjugated double bonds in its molecular structure, various chemical reactions can occur, such as oxidation reactions to generate phthalic anhydride, which is an important intermediate for the synthesis of plastics, resins, and dyes; It undergoes substitution reactions with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., generating various nitronaphthalene and sulfonic naphthalene derivatives, which play important roles in the fields of medicine and pesticides.

叁、制备方法

3、 Preparation method

从煤焦油中提取

Extracting from coal tar

煤焦油是煤炭干馏过程中产生的一种黑色黏稠液体，萘是其重要组成部分。首先对煤焦油进行蒸馏，切取沸点在 210 - 230℃的馏分，得到粗萘。接着，通过酸洗、碱洗等精制工序去除杂质，再采用结晶、升华等方法进一步提纯，最终得到精萘。

Coal tar is a black viscous liquid produced during the dry distillation process of coal, and naphthalene is an important component of it. Firstly, distill the coal tar and extract the fraction with a boiling point between 210-230 ℃ to obtain crude naphthalene. Next, impurities are removed through refining processes such as acid washing and alkali washing, and then further purified by crystallization, sublimation, and other methods to ultimately obtain refined naphthalene.

石油化工合成

Petrochemical synthesis

在石油化工领域，以石油裂解产物中的乙烯、丁二烯等为原料，通过一系列复杂的催化反应和分离过程，也能合成萘，再经过提纯获取精萘。相较于从煤焦油中提取，石油化工合成法生产的精萘纯度更高，质量更稳定。

In the field of petrochemicals, naphthalene can also be synthesized from ethylene, butadiene and other raw materials in petroleum cracking products through a series of complex catalytic reactions and separation processes, and then purified to obtain refined naphthalene. Compared to extracting from coal tar, refined naphthalene produced by petrochemical synthesis method has higher purity and more stable quality.

本文由91黑料吃瓜网友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:我们将会对您提出的疑问进行详细的解答，欢迎您登录网站留言.

This article is a friendly contribution from the manufacturer of refined naphthalene For more information, please click: We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message