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结晶法

Crystallization method

间歇式分布结晶法（Prosbd 法）：20 世纪 60 年代由法国 Prosbd 公司开发，在捷克乌尔克斯焦油加工厂实施。主要设备是 8 个结晶箱，分 4 步进行。通过泵、加热器和冷却器实现结晶箱的升温和降温。该方法原料单一，无需辅助原料，工艺流程、设备和操作简单，设备投资少，操作费用和能耗低，不产生 “三废”，对环境无污染，原料可用工业萘或萘油馏分，产物质量可通过结晶循环次数调节，生产工艺成熟，产物质量稳定，也可用于生产工业萘。

Intermittent distributed crystallization method (Prosbd method): developed by the French company Prosbd in the 1960s and implemented at the Urks tar processing plant in the Czech Republic. The main equipment consists of 8 crystallization boxes, which are divided into 4 steps. Heating and cooling of the crystallization box are achieved through pumps, heaters, and coolers. This method has a single raw material, no need for auxiliary raw materials, simple process flow, equipment and operation, low equipment investment, low operating costs and energy consumption, no production of "three wastes", no pollution to the environment. The raw materials can be industrial naphthalene or naphthalene oil fractions, and the product quality can be adjusted by the number of crystallization cycles. The production process is mature, the product quality is stable, and it can also be used for the production of industrial naphthalene.

连续式多级分步结晶法（Brodie 法）：又称萘区域熔融精制，20 世纪 70 年代由澳大利亚联合碳化物公司研制。主要由晶析精制、精萘蒸馏、制片包装和温水循环 4 个系统组成，是连续生产过程，产物质量稳定，但基建投资和操作费用高，操作条件要求严，在中国尚未普遍应用，上海宝钢化工曾采用此装置运行。

Continuous multi-stage stepwise crystallization method (Brodie method): also known as naphthalene zone melting refining, developed by Union Carbide Australia in the 1970s. It mainly consists of four systems: crystallization refining, refined naphthalene distillation, film packaging, and warm water circulation. It is a continuous production process with stable product quality. However, the infrastructure investment and operating costs are high, and the operating conditions are strict. It has not been widely used in China, and Shanghai Baosteel Chemical has used this equipment for operation.

立管降膜结晶法（MWB 法）：20 世纪 80 年代末由瑞士 Sulzer 公司开发，采用独特的降膜结晶技术，强化了萘熔体的传热与传质过程，提高了设备处理能力。我国鞍山化工总厂 1992 年引进该精萘加工装置，1994 年投产，年产 2 万吨。

Vertical tube falling film crystallization method (MWB method): developed by Sulzer company in Switzerland in the late 1980s, using a unique falling film crystallization technology to enhance the heat and mass transfer process of naphthalene melt and improve equipment processing capacity. The Anshan Chemical Plant in China introduced the refined naphthalene processing unit in 1992 and put it into operation in 1994, with an annual output of 20000 tons.

加氢精制法：萘的催化加氢多采用 AI - Co - Mo 催化剂，也有采用 AI - Ni - Mo 催化剂的，可使萘中的硫茚、苯甲腈、茚、酚等杂质转化成易于除去的物质加以分离。萘加氢精制主要用于生产低硫萘，可避免流化床生产邻苯二甲酸酐时催化剂中毒，也适用于生产二萘酚、甲萘胺、H 酸及苯胺染料中间体等化工产物。

Hydrorefining method: The catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene often uses AI Co Mo catalyst, and some also use AI Ni Mo catalyst, which can convert impurities such as sulfur indene, benzonitrile, indene, phenol, etc. in naphthalene into easily removable substances for separation. Naphthalene hydrogenation refining is mainly used for the production of low sulfur naphthalene, which can avoid catalyst poisoning during fluidized bed production of phthalic anhydride. It is also suitable for the production of chemical products such as naphthol, naphthylamine, H-acid, and aniline dye intermediates.

升华法：利用萘在远低于沸点时就具有升华的特性，使萘与杂质分离，从而得到精萘。但一般单独使用升华法较少，常与其他方法结合使用。

Sublimation method: Utilizing the sublimation property of naphthalene at temperatures far below its boiling point, naphthalene is separated from impurities to obtain refined naphthalene. However, sublimation method is rarely used alone and is often combined with other methods.

精萘生产工艺对比

Comparison of production processes for refined naphthalene

结晶法：操作相对简单，投资和运行成本相对较低，产物质量稳定，但生产效率可能较低，生产规模受限。

Crystallization method: The operation is relatively simple, the investment and operating costs are relatively low, the product quality is stable, but the production efficiency may be low and the production scale is limited.

加氢精制法：能有效脱除杂质，生产出高质量的精萘，适用于对产物质量要求高的领域，但需要较高的技术水平和设备投资，工艺操作条件较为严格。

Hydrorefining method: It can effectively remove impurities and produce high-quality refined naphthalene, suitable for fields with high product quality requirements, but requires high technical level and equipment investment, and strict process operating conditions.

升华法：可以在一定程度上提纯精萘，但通常需要与其他方法配合使用才能达到较高的纯度要求，单独使用时应用范围较窄。

Sublimation method: It can purify refined naphthalene to a certain extent, but it usually needs to be used in combination with other methods to achieve higher purity requirements, and its application range is relatively narrow when used alone.

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